Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60MONTANA UTAH COLORADO NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA MONT NT NT NT T T TAN AN AN AN AN AN AN AN N N NA A A A A A A A A A A UT TA AH AH H H A UTAH AH AH AH Shoshone Bannock Ute Approximate territories of Native American tribes in 1850 Present day native lands Crow N NE NE NE NE E NE N N N N N NEBR B ASKA A A A A A A A A Cheyenne COLORADO Arapaho SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Wind River Reservation Native American tribes 24 The arrival of the Spanish in the 1500s brought the domesticated horse into North America. By the 1700s, the horse became an integral part of some Native American cultures and allowed them to migrate deeper into the Great Plains, expand their hunting ranges, and to focus their hunting efforts on bison. Before the arrival of Europeans the dominant Native American groups inhabiting Wyoming were the Shoshone, Crow, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. The Sioux Nation joined this list in the 1830s when they were invited to trade at Fort William (later Fort Laramie). By the mid-1800s, established emigration routes like the Oregon Trail and Bozeman Trail brought increasing numbers of European Americans to settle in Wyoming. As a result, hostilities between the local tribes and settlers often escalated into open disputes where the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho defended their territories. These disputes led to a number of treaties between the Native Americans and the U.S. government to protect European settlers on what had been tribal lands. Initially the Fort Laramie Treaty (1868) promised the Cheyenne, Crow, Arapaho, and Sioux all lands of the Powder River area and the Black Hills. The Shoshone were allotted the lands in the Wind RiverValley by the Fort Bridger Treaty of 1868. By 1877, the U.S. government had seized the lands of northeastern Wyoming from the Sioux and the Crow, and relocated the Arapaho to the Wind River Reservation (1878) to live with the Shoshone, a traditional enemy. Today, many Shoshone and Arapaho live on the Wind River Reservation in central Wyoming; the Crow and Northern Cheyenne live on reservations in southeastern Montana; and the Sioux Nation is split between reservations in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska. Shoshone Crow Sioux Arapahoe Cheyenne Data Go Interactive